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    Academic Journals

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• The Assessment of Post-Vasectomy Pain in Mice Using Behaviour and the Mouse Grimace Scale

  Authors:Matthew C. Leach, Kristel Klaus, Amy L. Miller, Maud Scotto di Perrotolo, Susana G. Sotocinal, and Paul A. FlecknellFrom:PLoS ONE (Vol. 7, Issue 4) Peer-Reviewed

  Apr. 25, 20125,607 words Article 1470LBackground Current behaviour-based pain assessments for laboratory rodents have significant limitations. Assessment of facial expression changes, as a novel means of pain scoring, may overcome some of these...

• Opportunities for Refinement in Neuroscience: Indicators of Wellness and Post-Operative Pain in Laboratory Macaques.

  Authors:Kris A. Descovich, Susan E. Richmond, Matthew C. Leach, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith, Paul Flecknell, David A.H. Farningham, et al.From:ALTEX: Alternatives to Animal Experimentation (Vol. 36, Issue 4) Peer-Reviewed

  Fall 201910,698 words Article 1500LBeing able to assess pain in nonhuman primates undergoing biomedical procedures is important for preventing and alleviating pain, and for developing better guidelines to minimize the impacts of research on welfare in...

• Defining and assessing animal pain

  Authors:Lynne U. Sneddon, Robert W. Elwood, Shelley A. Adamo, and Matthew C. LeachFrom:Animal Behaviour (Vol. 97) Peer-Reviewed

  Nov. 2014326 words Disease/Disorder ove...

   Abstract Only

• Can grimace scales estimate the pain status in horses and mice? A statistical approach to identify a classifier

  Authors:Emanuela Dalla Costa, Riccardo Pascuzzo, Matthew C. Leach, Francesca Dai, Dirk Lebelt, Simone Vantini, et al.From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 13, Issue 8) Peer-Reviewed

  Aug. 1, 20188,007 words Report 1620LPain recognition is fundamental for safeguarding animal welfare. Facial expressions have been investigated in several species and grimace scales have been developed as pain assessment tool in many species including...

• Rhesus macaque personality, dominance, behavior, and health

  Authors:Lauren M. Robinson, Kristine Coleman, John P. Capitanio, Daniel H. Gottlieb, Ian G. Handel, Matthew C. Leach, et al.From:American Journal of Primatology (Vol. 80, Issue 2) Peer-Reviewed

  Feb. 2018 Article

   Citation Only

• Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits: Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses

  Authors:Stephanie C. J. Keating, Aurelie A. Thomas, Paul A. Flecknell, and Matthew C. LeachFrom:PLoS ONE (Vol. 7, Issue 9) Peer-Reviewed

  Sept. 7, 20127,483 words Clinical report 1550LBackground Ear tattooing is a routine procedure performed on laboratory, commercial and companion rabbits for the purpose of identification. Although this procedure is potentially painful, it is usually performed...

• Facial expression: an under-utilized tool for the assessment of welfare in mammals

  Authors:Kris A. Descovich, Jennifer Wathan, Matthew C. Leach, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith, Paul Flecknell, David Farningham, et al.From:ALTEX: Alternatives to Animal Experimentation (Vol. 34, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  Summer 201717,340 words Report 1370LAnimal welfare is a key issue for industries that use or impact upon animals. The accurate identification of welfare states is particularly relevant to the field of bioscience, where the 3Rs framework encourages...

• The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale

  Authors:Amy L. Miller, Huw D. R. Golledge, and Matthew C. LeachFrom:PLoS ONE (Vol. 11, Issue 11) Peer-Reviewed

  Nov. 17, 20163,442 words Article 1530LOver 234,000 rats were used in regulated procedures in the UK in 2014, many of which may have resulted in some degree of pain. When using animals in research, there is an ethical and legal responsibility to alleviate or...

• Postoperative pain behaviours in rabbits following orthopaedic surgery and effect of observer presence.

  Authors:Renata Haddad Pinho, Matthew C. Leach, Bruno Watanabe Minto, Fabiana Del Lama Rocha, and Stelio Pacca Loureiro LunaFrom:PLoS ONE (Vol. 15, Issue 10) Peer-Reviewed

  Oct. 22, 20208,717 words Report 1610LRabbits are widely used in studies focusing on pain. However, pain is undertreated in this species and one possible factor to explain this is the lack of evaluation methods. The objective of this study was to identify...

• Development of the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) as a Pain Assessment Tool in Horses Undergoing Routine Castration

  Authors:Emanuela Dalla Costa, Michela Minero, Dirk Lebelt, Diana Stucke, Elisabetta Canali, and Matthew C. LeachFrom:PLoS ONE (Vol. 9, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  Mar. 19, 20147,298 words Article 1560LAuthor(s): Emanuela Dalla Costa 1,*, Michela Minero 1, Dirk Lebelt 2, Diana Stucke 2, Elisabetta Canali 1, Matthew C. Leach 3 Introduction The recognition and alleviation of pain is critical for the welfare of...

• Developing a Collaborative Agenda for Humanities and Social Scientific Research on Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare

  Authors:Gail F. Davies, Beth J Greenhough, Pru Hobson-West, Robert G. W. Kirk, Ken Applebee, Laura C. Bellingan, et al.From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 11, Issue 7) Peer-Reviewed

  July 18, 20166,866 words Report 1490LImproving laboratory animal science and welfare requires both new scientific research and insights from research in the humanities and social sciences. Whilst scientific research provides evidence to replace, reduce and...

• Are We Looking in the Wrong Place? Implications for Behavioural-Based Pain Assessment in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi) and Beyond?

  Authors:Matthew C. Leach, Claire A. Coulter, Claire A. Richardson, and Paul A. FlecknellFrom:PLoS ONE (Vol. 6, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  Mar. 15, 20116,020 words Article 1490LBackground Successful observation of behaviour depends upon knowing both which behaviours to look for and focusing on the appropriate areas of the body to observe them. Behaviour based scoring systems have become...

• The composition and initial evaluation of a grimace scale in ferrets after surgical implantation of a telemetry probe

  Authors:Marsinah L. Reijgwart, Nico J. Schoemaker, Riccardo Pascuzzo, Matthew C. Leach, Melanie Stodel, Loes de Nies, et al.From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 12, Issue 11) Peer-Reviewed

  Nov. 13, 20177,867 words Article 1540LReliable recognition of pain is difficult in ferrets as many currently available parameters are non-specific, inconsistent and/or impractical. Grimace scales have successfully been applied to assess pain in different...