Certain colleges and universities require that their academic librarians have an additional advanced subject degree for either being eligible for hire or for continued employment. This paper reviews this topic and examines how using metaphors may help the field of librarianship make sound decisions on this controversial topic.

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According to Mayer and Terrill, (2005, p.59) the literature related to academic librarians and advanced subject degrees is limited and was mainly performed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This should be troubling to the field of academic librarianship, and to the institutions served by academic librarians, as much has changed in the field since then as a result of advances in technology, the increased reliance on the World Wide Web as an information resource, and the distance learning initiatives pursued by an increasing number of universities each year. These changes place a premium on the time librarians have to commit to their daily duties and to their profession. Currently at some, not all, universities there is a paradigm that an advanced degree in a subject specialty other than librarianship imbues the academic librarian who holds it with greater scholarly credibility than one who does not. Also, it is seen as enhancing the status of librarians who work in academia. Whether this paradigm is valid has always been open to question and should now be placed under greater scrutiny given that librarianship has always been a profession with its own terminal degree, the MLS, and that librarians will undoubtedly need to keep abreast of a field of knowledge and discovery within their own profession that will be advancing at an ever quickening rate. It may well be that advanced subject degrees, while valuable in and of themselves, are no longer relevant to the field of librarianship and the question will always remain: were they ever really relevant in the first place? While this paper does not seek to answer that question, it offers an overview of it and a way of using metaphors to view it.

Review of the literature

Herubel (1991, p. 437) states the formal qualifications for an academic librarian are debatable. This is not so. The minimum requirement for an academic librarian is that they hold an American Library Association accredited Master of Library Science Degree (MLS). He also writes that, "If the MLS is generally upheld as the sine qua non for academic, public, and special librarians the value of additional "paper" qualifications is not" Herubel (1991, p. 437). With this in mind, however, Herubel (1991, p. 437) goes on to claim that academic librarians need subject specific graduate degrees in addition to their MLS degree in order to be seen as having scholarly credibility. According to Hembel (1991):

Graduate education in a subject provides useful tools--they may be languages, statistics, methodologies--and instills a scholarly ethos. It is indicative of an intellectual commitment to the goals of scholarship that the teaching faculty has a right to expect of academic librarians (p. 437).

Herubel sees the "intellectual...