Antidiarrheal potential of Eriosema chinense vogel. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced infectious diarrhea.

Byline: Komal. Parmar, Jayshri. Hirudkar, Dhiraj. Bhagwat, Satyendra. Prasad

Background: The plant Eriosema chinense Vogel (Fabaceae) is mainly found in the Eastern Himalayan regions of India and China, and its roots are used traditionally by the tribal people of Meghalaya (India) in treatment of diarrhea. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential of roots from E. chinense against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)-induced infectious diarrhea. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of E. chinense (EEC) roots and its chloroform fraction (CEC) were standardized with eriosematin E using high-performance liquid chromatography. The efficacy of EEC (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and CEC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated against EPEC-induced infectious diarrhea, where behavioral parameters at the 6th and 24th h followed by determination of water content and density of EPEC in stools along with blood parameters examination. Further, the colonic and small intestinal tissues were subjected to biochemical analysis, antioxidant evaluation, determination of ion concentration, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and histopathology. Results:The results demonstrated a significant antidiarrheal potential of EEC and CEC at both dose levels; however, EEC at 200 and CEC at 100 mg/kg p.o. were found to be more effective, which also reduced EPEC density in stools and also its water content. The treatment also demonstrated a significant restoration of altered antioxidant and electrolyte status and reactivated Na+/K+-ATPase and prevented epithelial tissue damage. Conclusion: The effect may be attributed to an inhibition in intestinal secretion, nitric oxide production, and reactivation of Na+/K+-ATPase.

SUMMARY

*The roots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel (Fabaceae) is rationally used by the tribal people of North East India, especially in Meghalaya in treatment of infectious diarrhea which remains to be one of the major problems in developing countries like India. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of roots from E. chinense against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)-induced diarrhea. The results demonstrated a significant antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic extract and its bioactive chloroform fraction and reduced the EPEC density in stools along with its water content. The treatment also demonstrated a significant restoration of altered antioxidant and electrolyte status. They also reactivated Na+/K+-ATPase activity and prevented epithelial tissue damage from EPEC. The effect may be attributed to an inhibition in intestinal secretion, nitric oxide production, and reactivation of Na+/K+-ATPase.

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Abbreviations used: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, CAT: Catalase, CEC: Chloroform fraction from ethanolic extract of E. chinense , CFU: Colony-forming unit, CMC: Carboxymethyl cellulose, EEC: Ethanolic extract of E. chinense , EGTA: Ethylene glycol-bis(ß-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid, EPEC: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , Hb: Hemoglobin, Ht: Hematocrit, KCl: Potassium chloride, LPO: Lipid peroxidation, MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCV: Mean corpuscular volume, MgCl2: Magnesium chloride, MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration, MTCC: Microbial Type Culture Collection, NaCl: Sodium chloride, NO: Nitric oxide, PCs: Platelet cells, RBCs: Red blood cells, SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, WBCs: White blood cells.

Introduction

Diarrhea may be defined as a disorder including increases in volume or fluidity of stools, changes...