Publication Information and Tools

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Indexes

Use the all-purpose Keyword index, or focus your search on a specific kind of data, such as Author or Document Title.

Limiters

Use the More Options to include or exclude different kinds of content from your results. Limiters are a great way to narrow your search.

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Basic Search

Applies a proprietary algorithm to deliver the most relevant search results based on your search term(s). The algorithm varies by product and prioritizes different indexes where your search term is found to deliver the best results. These indexes include but are not limited to Keyword, Title, text from the Entire Document, and Subject index.

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NOTE Only the Gale Bookmark tool will generate the correct bookmarking link.

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Highlights and Notes

Here's how to highlight text and take notes:

MOBILE TIP To select text, tap the first word and then tap the last word that you want to highlight.

To access your Highlights and Notes during your current session, click or tap More.

A Note about PDFs

Desktop and tablet users can click or tap Download PDF to view and save the document as a PDF (where available).

On a phone, return to your search results, expand the item, and tap its Download PDF link.

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TIP Before logging out, be sure to cite, email, etc. any highlights and notes that you wish to keep since your highlighted text is removed when your session ends.

Return to the Document

To view the highlighted text in its original context, click or tap the article title.

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Change the Settings

On the Listen player, you can adjust the reading speed and customize other Settings. By default, the text is highlighted as it is being read.

Download the Document as an Audio File

To download an audio file of the document, use the Download MP3 tool on the Listen player.

Listen to Part of the Document

TIP To reset the player, close the player (click or tap the Close Player arrows) or refresh the page. You can then select a different portion of the text or listen to the entire document.

The amount of selected text that the audio player will read aloud depends on your web browser and operating system.

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How to Save Documents

When viewing an article or media content, select Save to My Folder under Tools. This places the content in My Folder. (The Save link is also available for results items.)

TIP Items in My Folder will be cleared when your session ends. Be sure to save or download items for later use.

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Why Use the Publication Guide?

Ways to Find Publications

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See also: Publication Search Results

MOBILE TIP Tap once on a title to display the publication details popup. Tap the title a second time to select it and go to its About this Publication page.

See also: Publication Search and About this Publication

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Related Resources

While viewing an article, Related Resources recommends potential articles of interest. Recommendations are based on the article viewed and pulls from content within the product. (When searching via PowerSearch, results will be pulled from all applicable content.) Clicking the Related Resources button at the top of the article jumps the user to the bottom. Researchers can scroll through up to 12 related resources.

Related Subjects

Related Subjects displays the subjects used for indexing an article. Clicking on a subject delivers additional articles indexed with the same subject.

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NOTE These examples cite a variety of sources. Not all of these sources may be available in this resource.

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NOTE These examples cite a variety of sources. Not all of these sources may be available in this resource.

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NOTE These examples cite a variety of sources. Not all of these sources may be available in this resource.

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SMARTPHONE TIP To switch between the different types of content, tap Search Tools, then select a content type.

Item Links

Each results item may provide the following links. On a phone, tap to expand a results item to view the links.

Search Within Your Results

To search your complete set of results, use the search box and the Within option.

Filter Your Results

Ways to filter, or limit, your results are available in the sidebar. On a phone, tap Search Tools to find the filters.

Analyze Your Results

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Why Use the Subject Guide?

See also: Subject Terms

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Subdivisions

Subdivisions divide a topic into standard categories. For example, given the topic Aircraft accidents, are you interested in Statistics? Investigations? Forecasts and trends?

Related Subjects

The related subject terms are organized into the following categories. For example, for the topic of Aircraft accidents, here are some examples of related terms:

You can filter the related subject terms using the Show Related Subjects By drop-down list.

See also: Subject Guide

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Acronyms

It is not necessary to type the periods when searching acronyms. A search on UN is the same as U.N. (and is also the same as un, since case is ignored).

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AND, OR, NOT Logical Operators

You can use the following logical operators (also known as Booleans) in your searches:

Some prefer to capitalize the logical operators, but this is not required.

Sample searches

     children and travel finds documents that contain both terms, children and travel anywhere within the searched text.

     postmortem or autopsy finds documents that contain either postmortem or autopsy or both. At least one of your terms must be present. OR is good to use when searching for variant spellings or synonymous terms.

     "benjamin franklin" not bache finds documents that contain the term Benjamin Franklin, but that do not contain the term Bache. This would include documents that mention Benjamin Franklin, but not his great-grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache.

How to search for and, or, not as words

When your search term includes and, or, or not as words rather than logical operators, enclose your search terms in double quotation marks. For example: "black and white photographs"

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Highlighted Search Terms

Once your search terms are found within a document, they are highlighted throughout the document (applies to the Keyword, Entire Document, Document Title, and other select indexes).

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N and W Proximity Operators

Proximity operators are used between two search terms to indicate how close the words must appear together in the document. They are most useful when searching large areas of text, such as keyword and full-text indexes.

A proximity operator has two parts:

There are two proximity operators: Nn and Wn.

     Nn: Use the N (near) operator to find terms within n words of each other in either direction. For example, memory n5 repressed finds documents that contain memory and repressed within five or fewer words of each other.

     Wn: Use the W (within) operator to find a term the occurs n words after another term. For example, shared w3 values finds documents that contain the term values within three or fewer words after the term shared.

Note that proximity operators can be used only between two search terms, not between a term and a nested expression.

     Wrong: fleas n10 (dogs or cats)

     Better: fleas n10 dogs or fleas n10 cats

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Names

It is not necessary to type a person's name in any certain order. An Author index search on rana foroohar is the same as foroohar, rana.

When a name contains a middle initial, you may enter it, though it is not necessary. For example, an Author search on fannie ward finds both Fannie B. Ward and Fannie Brigham Ward. However, if an author uses a first initial, or first and middle initials, it is best to include the initials in your search. Example: a. o. scott

A search on walter scott will find Sir Walter Scott. Omitting the title can lead to a greater number of results when the rest of the name is entered.

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Quotation Marks

Enclose your search terms in double quotation marks (" ") when you are looking for words together in a specific order. Note that even when quotation marks are used, stop words are ignored.

Sample searches

     "time's winged chariot" finds documents where these words appear in the exact order listed, with no intervening words between, or only stop words such as a, the, this, to and the like appearing in the phrase.

     "man in the mirror" searches for the significant words, man and mirror, and ignores the words in and the. Additionally, man must appear before mirror with no intervening words between, or only stop words such as a, the, this, to and the like appearing in the phrase.

     "black and white photographs" In this example, the and is treated as a word and not as a logical operator.

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Stop Words

Stop words are small, common words that are ignored by the search engine. This includes words such as a, an, as, at, in, is, on, that, the, which, and the like. The list of stop words varies by product.

For example, a search on the secretary of state is the same as searching secretary state.

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Too Few Results

The following represents sample results from a Gale database of contemporary newspapers using Advanced Search. Notice how the number of results increases by selecting an Advanced Search index that performs a broader search.

     Searching for bradford fire using the Document Title index may find 54 results

     Searching for bradford fire using the Keyword index may find 125 results

     Searching for bradford fire using the Entire Document index may find 286 results

     Searching for bradford AND fire using the Entire Document index may find 293 results

TIP Keep track of the searches you have performed on the Search History page. Here you will find the number of results produced by each search and links to re-run or revise the search.

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Too Many Results

When searching a large digital resource, you may find that your searches produce too many results that are not relevant to your needs. This may be especially true when your search terms consist of common words or names. Here are some ways to better focus your search:

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What the Search Engine Ignores

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Wildcard Characters (Truncation Characters)

You can substitute a special symbol known as a wildcard character for one or more letters when you do not want to include, or do not know, exact spellings.

There are three wildcard characters:

Sample searches

     carib* finds: Carib, Caribs, Caribbean, caribe, caribou, etc.

     psych????y finds: psychiatry and psychology (but not psychotherapy)

     colo!r finds: color and colour

TIP Many Gale resources require a minimum number of characters (usually three) before you can use the asterisk wildcard, so the following search would not be allowed: ma*

Truncation

The asterisk (*) character is often referred to as a truncation character. It allows you to take a root word or common part of a word and look for any ending. For example, content about teenage drivers may use the terms, teenage drivers, teen driver, teen driving, and so on. To find all of these variations in a single search, type only the common letters followed by the asterisk (*), as follows:

     teen* driv*

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