Byline: Laudineia. Matias, Juliana. Rocha, Vanessa. Royo, Elytania. Menezes, Afranio. Junior, Dario. de Oliveira
Background: The genus Solanum L. is the largest of the family Solanaceae; it has used in food, ornamentation, and medicinal. Objective: This work had as objective to perform the phytochemical screening secondary metabolites: saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones by means of colorimetric and precipitation analyzes of root bark, stem, leaf, and epicarp of the following species of Solanum genus: Solanum agrarium, Solanum lycocarpum, Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum paniculatum, and Solanum stipulaceum. The species are found in areas of the Cerrado Biome of Northern Minas Gerais state for initial evaluation of the possibility of cultivation for medicinal use. Materials and Methods: The following qualitative tests were performed: Liebermann-Burchard reaction for steroids/triterpenoids; foam persistence test for saponins; Bertrand and Dragendorff reagents for alkaloids; reactions with lead neutral acetate at 10% and ferric chloride at 2% for tannins; reactions with ferric chloride at 2% and Shinoda reaction for flavonoids; reaction of Borntraeger and reaction with sodium hydroxide at 0.5% for anthraquinones. Results: Plants of the Solanum L. genus, occurring in Cerrado areas in the city of Montes Claros, have considerable amounts of secondary metabolites, varying between the different species and in different structures analyzed. Conclusion: It is important to continue the study evaluating whether in species from planting occurs production of the secondary metabolites identified in wild plants. Abbreviations Used: FAPEMIG: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, CNPq: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, BHCB: Herbarium of the Department of Botany, from Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais.
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SUMMARY
*The genus Solanum L. is the largest of the family Solanaceae ; it has uses in food, ornamentation, and medicinal. Phytochemical screening allowed the identification of secondary metabolites such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. Plants of the Solanum L. genus, occurring in Cerrado areas of the city of Montes Claros, have considerable amounts of secondary metabolites, varying among the different species and in the different structures analyzed.
Introduction
Solanaceae is a particularly interesting angiosperm family, has about 98 genera and 3000 species, and makes the members of this family having morphological and ecological characteristics diversified and cosmopolitan distribution, being that many of which are used in food, in ornamentation, and as a medicinal resource.[1],[2]
The genus Solanum L. is the largest of the Solanaceae family with approximately 1500 species, found in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. In Brazil, they are found especially in the south and southeast region.[3],[4]
For the Solanum agrarium species, previous studies indicated antispasmodic activity of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts.[5] For the leaves of Solanum lycocarpum was identified antibacterial activity, by the presence of tannins,[6],[7] tthe antihelmintic action was attributed to the presence of steroidal alkaloids [8],[9] and trypanosomicidal action was attributed to the ethanol extracts fruits of Solanum lycocarpum and Solanum palinacanthum .[10]
Extracts from the leaves of Solanum paniculatum promote anticancer activity,[11] and the aqueous fraction of the ethanol...