Jazz trumpeter, who recorded "Take the A Train" with Duke Ellington Orchestra, 1940s.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Born September 12, 1916 in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. Died April 30, 1981 in Norwalk, California, United States.
FURTHER READINGS
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Eighth edition. Revised by Nicolas Slonimsky. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.
The Encyclopedia of Jazz in the Seventies. By Leonard Feather and Ira Gitler. New York: Horizon Press, 1976.
The New Grove Dictionary of American Music. Four volumes. Edited by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan Press, 1986.
The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Two volumes. First edition. Edited by Barry Kernfeld. London: Macmillan Press, 1988.
The Complete Encyclopedia of Popular Music and Jazz, 1900-1950. Three volumes. By Roger D. Kinkle. New Rochelle: Arlington House Publishers, 1974. Biographies are located in Volumes 2 and 3.
The New American Dictionary of Music. By Philip D. Morehead with Anne MacNeil. New York: Dutton, 1991.
The Oxford Companion to Popular Music. By Peter Gammond. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Edited by Donald Clarke. New York: Viking Press, 1989.
The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Edited by Barry Kernfeld. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
All Music Guide to Jazz. The experts' guide to the best jazz recordings. Second edition. Edited by Michael Erlewine. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books, 1996.
American National Biography. 24 volumes. Edited by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Eight volumes. Third edition. Edited by Colin Larkin. London: MUZE, 1998. Distributed by Grove's Dictionaries, New York.
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Ninth edition. Edited by Laura Kuhn. New York: Schirmer Books, 2001.
The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Three volumes. Second edition. Edited by Barry Kernfeld. London: Macmillan Publishers, 2002.
All Music Guide to Jazz. The definitive guide to jazz music. Fourth edition. Edited by Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra and Stephen Thomas Erlewine. San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2002.