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Literature Criticism
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)The recipient of a Pulitzer Prize in 1950 for her volume of poetry Annie Allen, Gwendolyn Brooks stands as one of the premier American poets of the twentieth century. Brooks writes both powerfully and universally out of...
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From:Gay & Lesbian Literature (Vol. 2. )As poet, witness, prankster, storyteller, friend, lover, mother, heir to literary tradition, balladeer, lesbian, and fellow traveler, Marilyn Hacker has emerged as one of a handful of essential poets of the second half...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Stevie Smith was primarily a poet of the odd, the disconcerting, the unexpected. She seems to have formed her characteristic style as early as the 1930's, though it was not until the publication of her Selected Poems and...
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From:American Writers, Retrospective Supplement 1ONE IMAGE OF Emily Dickinson is found on T-shirts and coffee mugs and in the ever-growing number of studies of her life and work. She is seventeen, a student at a rigorous school for young women. No effort has been...
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From:Contemporary Poets (6th ed.)In one of his early poems Thom Gunn observes, famously, that Elvis Presley "turns revolt into a style." Elaborating this in the poem's final stanza, Gunn provides a peg on which we can, if we like, hang the immense...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)Phillis Wheatley's poetry is characterized by its adherence to form, in particular the heroic couplet, and conformity to neoclassical ritual in language and content. Thematically, she wrote to God's goodness, as opposed...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)It was as a poet that Charlotte Smith wished to be remembered; she undertook novel writing only because it was more profitable. She attained considerable proficiency in her sonnets, and, although purists objected to...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Robert Southey is now remembered mainly as a mediocre associate of Coleridge and Wordsworth, or as the fatuously self-applauding poet laureate of Byron's Vision of Judgement, apostate revolutionary and diligent...
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From:Feminist WritersIn 1640, Anne Bradstreet became the first person in British North America to have a volume of poetry published when her Several Poems Compiled with a Great Variety of Wit and Learning was printed in Boston,...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)One of the most extraordinary facets of the explosion of gay and lesbian literature since the Stonewall Riots in 1969 is the multitude of ways in which the common experiences of the community have been drawn, sung, and...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)Margaret Walker's career as a multitalented writer was launched in 1942 with the publication of her first book of poems, For My People. Poet, novelist, essayist, literary scholar, and teacher, she has made a significant...
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From: E. B. Browning; R. H. Horne: Two Studies[In the following essay, Shackford discusses Aurora Leigh in the context of Browning's other works and her literary interests, as well as in relation to other narrative poems.] The manuscript of Aurora Leigh is a...
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From:Gay & Lesbian Literature (Vol. 1. )As a British born and raised expatriate who has lived in San Francisco for 40 years, Thom Gunn occupies a unique place in both American and English poetry today. Born in Kent in 1929 to a middle-class English family—both...
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From:Feminist WritersIn the years since her death, Sylvia Plath's life and work has taken on mythic proportions. She has become one of the most well-known poets of the 20th century, in part because of her tragic suicide at age 30. Perhaps as...
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From: Contemporary Poets (5th ed.)[In the following excerpt, Byrd examines Creeley's work, concluding that the writer "is the Mallarme of the New Poetry."] Robert Creeley comments: I write to realize the world as one has come to live in it, thus to...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)When African American poet-playwright Ntozake Shange declared in her 1976-77 Broadway debut, for colored girls who have considered suicide/ when the rainbow is enuf, that "bein alive & bein a woman & bein colored is a...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)Anne Sexton is known primarily for her remarkable imagery and apparent personal honesty in poems ranging from the formally structured early work (To Bedlam and Part Way Back) to the quasi-humorous prose poems of...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)Although Frances Ellen Watkins Harper published more than ten volumes of poetry, a novel, and numerous essays, and was one of the most popular writers of the nineteenth century, many modern critics of American literature...
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From:Reference Guide to American Literature (3rd ed.)Elinor Wylie's prestigious social background, striking personality, beauty, elegance, and conversational gifts, with the romantic aura of her daring break with conventional society when she eloped with Horace Wylie, made...
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From:Gay & Lesbian Literature (Vol. 2. )"The art of losing isn't hard to master," wrote Elizabeth Bishop in the villanelle "One Art," which appeared in her last book, Geography III (1976). The losses the poem documents range from familiar objects (keys, watch)...