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Academic Journals
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From:Diabetes (Vol. 52, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedThe effect of exercise intensity on skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and substrate metabolism was examined in eight men cycling for 20 min at each of three sequential intensities: low (40 [+...
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From:Epigenetics & Chromatin (Vol. 5, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground Gene-environment interactions are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Polycomb Group proteins constitute part of an epigenetic cellular transcriptional memory system that is subject to dynamic modulation...
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From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 12, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedPurpose The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods We induced an inflammatory...
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From:BMC Research Notes (Vol. 5, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground Feedback loops, both positive and negative are embedded in the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade. In the three layer MAPK cascade, both feedback loops originate from the terminal layer and...
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From:Neural Regeneration Research (Vol. 9, Issue 19) Peer-ReviewedByline: Yanling. Sui, Zichun. Zhao, Rong. Liu, Bin. Cai, Dongsheng. Fan Alterations in embryonic neural stem cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We hypothesized that...
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From:Diabetes (Vol. 61, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedAbnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism are a hallmark of diabetes, and numerous therapies target mechanisms that regulate both the fasted and fed states. In mammals, the liver ensures availability of carbohydrates...
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From:Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Vol. 1, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Dagmar Führer 1 Keywords: thyroid nodules; thyroid cancer; clonality; somatic mutation; TSH receptor; RET/PTC rearrangement; RAS; BRAF; PAX8/PPARγ rearrangement Thyroid nodules are the most...
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From:Chest (Vol. 128, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedAbbreviations: BKCa = calcium-activated and voltage-activated potassium; cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP = cyclic guanidine monophosphate; PASMC = pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell; PKC = protein kinase...
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From:The Scientist (Vol. 17, Issue 13) Peer-ReviewedSignal transduction pathways comprise the cell's communications system; they transmit cues--from hormones, growth factors, or cytokines, for instance--that tell the ceil to proliferate, differentiate, activate (or...
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From:Diabetes (Vol. 49, Issue 5) Peer-ReviewedPhysical exercise is a strong stimulator of muscle glucose transport and insulin sensitivity. Recent studies have suggested that AMPK is activated in response to ATP utilization and/or deprivation during exercise, and...
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From:Science (Vol. 256, Issue 5060) Peer-ReviewedMultifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) transduces transient elevations in intracellular calcium into changes in the phosphorylation state and activity of target proteins. By fluorescence...
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From:Science (Vol. 253, Issue 5024) Peer-ReviewedEXCITATORY AMINO ACID RECEPTORS, which contain ion channels, can be broadly classified as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or non-NMDA receptors on the basis of selective pharmacological antagonism [1]. Non-NMDA receptors...
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From:Science (Vol. 245, Issue 4920) Peer-ReviewedInhibition of Postsynaptic PKC or CaMKII Blocks Induction But Not Expression of LTP LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) of synaptic transmission results from tetanic stimulation of afferent fibers in the hippocampus [1] and...
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From:Science (Vol. 270, Issue 5233) Peer-ReviewedThe activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) requires the phosphorylation of a conserved threonine ([Thr.sup.160] in Cdk2) by CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Human KAP (also called Cdi1), a CDK-associated phosphatase,...
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From:Science (Vol. 265, Issue 5179) Peer-ReviewedTo identify proteins that may participate in the activation of the protein kinase Raf, proteins that interact with Raf were selected in a two-hybrid screen. Two members of the protein family were isolated that interacted...
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From:Science (Vol. 275, Issue 5296) Peer-ReviewedMitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are activated in response to various extracellular stimuli, including growth factors and environmental stresses. A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed ASK1, was...
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From:Science (Vol. 272, Issue 5262) Peer-ReviewedThe vascular complications of diabetes mellitus have been correlated with enhanced activation of protein kinase C (PKC). LY333531, a specific inhibitor of the [beta] isoform of PKC, was synthesized and was shown to be a...
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From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 7, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Peter F. Mount 1 , 2 , * , Kurt Gleich 1 , 2 , Shanna Tam 3 , Scott A. Fraser 1 , 2 , Suet-Wan Choy 1 , 2 , 4 , Karen M. Dwyer 5 , Bo Lu 5 , Bryce Van Denderen 3 , Günter Fingerle-Rowson 6 , Richard Bucala 7...
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From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 7, Issue 5) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Guan-Jhong Huang 1 , * , Shyh-Shyun Huang 2 , Jeng-Shyan Deng 3 , * Introduction Inflammation, a physiological response to infection or injury, plays a critical role in chronic diseases, including...
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From:PLoS ONE (Vol. 9, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Michele Graciotti 1, Mahmood Alam 2, Lev Solyakov 2, Ralf Schmid 3, Glenn Burley 4, Andrew R. Bottrill 5, Christian Doerig 6, Paul Cullis 7, Andrew B. Tobin 2,* Introduction Despite the fact that...