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- 1From:Trafficking in PersonsThe climate crisis, and the many ways it will reshape the world, necessitates that governments everywhere sharpen their focus not only on taking action to limit the severity of this crisis but also on mitigating the...
- 2From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing, is a process by which pressurized fluid increases the amount and degree of fractures in subsurface rock layers. Hydraulic fracturing may occur through natural geological...
- 3From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)Human ecology is the study of the reciprocal interactions of humans with the environment. Key aspects of human ecology are demographics, resource use, environmental influences on health and society, and environmental...
- 4From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)Human geography is the study of the characteristics and relationships among peoples and their landscapes. Human geographers examine the patterns and processes that have shaped human use and their understanding of Earth's...
- 5From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)The number of human beings on Earth has increased greatly during the past few thousand years but especially during the last two centuries. From 1850 to 1950, the human population doubled, from 1.265 billion to 2.516...
- 6From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Pollution can be defined as unwanted or detrimental changes in a natural system. Usually, pollution is associated with the presence of toxic substances in some large quantity, but pollution can also be caused by the...
- 7From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Ecotourism, short for ecological tourism, refers to outdoor recreation, sightseeing, and guided natural history studies in remote or fragile natural areas, or archeological and cultural sites. It was created in its...
- 8From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)An insecticide is a pesticide substance used by humans to either kill or gain some advantage over various pest insects that threaten crops, carry disease, or invade human living spaces. In the sense used here, a pest...
- 9From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)A “-centrism” is a worldview or way of looking at things that places some particular value or group at the center. Anthropocentrism is that worldview that considers humans to be the most important thing in the Universe,...
- 10From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Geoengineering refers to the manipulation of Earth's geologic, marine, and atmospheric systems. The term is most commonly associated with the potential to mitigate global warming by scrubbing greenhouse gases from the...
- 11From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)An agrochemical is any chemical substance that humans use to help in the management of an agricultural ecosystem. Agrochemicals include fertilizers, liming and acidifying agents (which are designed to change the pH),...
- 12From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (or DDT) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been widely used as an insecticide. DDT is virtually insoluble in water, but it is freely soluble in oils and in the fat of organisms. DDT is...
- 13From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)Petroleum is an important natural resource that is often produced in regions far away from where most of its consumption occurs. Accordingly, petroleum must be transported in large quantities, mostly by oceanic tankers,...
- 14From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Polychlorinated biphenyls are a mixture of compounds having from one to 10 chlorineatoms attached to a biphenyl ring structure. There are 209 possible structures theoretically; the manufacturing process results in...
- 15From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Experts assert that climate change is playing a significant part in biodiversity loss (extinction of plant and animal species), increased hunger, increased disease, and forced migrations of populations across major...
- 16From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)An ecological disturbance is an event of intense environmental stress causing large changes in the affected ecosystem. Ecological disturbances can result from natural causes or from the activities of humans. Natural...
- 17From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)A barrier island is a long, thin, sandy stretch of land oriented parallel to the mainland coast that protects the coast from the full force of powerful storm waves. Between the barrier island and the mainland, is a...
- 18From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Beach nourishment is the artificial process of adding sediment to a beach for recreational and aesthetic purposes, as well as to provide a buffer to coastal erosion. The sand may be dredged from nearby and pumped onto...
- 19From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Phosphorus (usually in the form of phosphate) is a normal part of the environment. It occurs in the form of phosphate containing rocks and as the excretory and decay products of plants and animals. Human contributions to...
- 20From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Ecological integrity is a relatively new concept that is being actively discussed by ecologists. However, a consensus has not yet emerged as to its definition. Clearly, human activities result in many environmental...