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• Select Will Inflation Continue to Fall?

  1

  Will Inflation Continue to Fall?

  Authors:Lida R. Weinstock and Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  2023994 words Article 1340LFebruary 7, 2023 The U.S. economy has experienced high inflation since the spring of 2021, with disagreement over how long this trend will last. Policymakers have debated whether more contractionary fiscal and monetary...
• Select Cryptocurrency: Selected Policy Issues.

  2

  Cryptocurrency: Selected Policy Issues.

  Author:Paul TiernoFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  202316,326 words Article 1840LCryptocurrencies are digital financial instruments exchanged across public blockchains, and recorded on ledgers, that do not require central intermediaries (e.g., commercial banks, central banks) for clearing and...
• Select Why Is the Federal Reserve Operating at a Loss?

  3

  Why Is the Federal Reserve Operating at a Loss?

  Author:Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  2023997 words Article 1410LJanuary 23, 2023 The Federal Reserve (Fed) is self-funded and normally earns more income than needed to cover its expenses and capital transfers, remitting the difference to Treasury. For 2022, the Fed remitted $76...
• Select Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress.

  4

  Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress.

  Author:Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  202321,915 words Article 1690LThe responsibilities of the Federal Reserve (Fed) fall into four main categories: monetary policy, regulation of certain banks and other financial firms, provision and oversight of certain payment systems, and lender of...
• Select Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth.

  5

  Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth.

  Author:Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20231,499 words Article 1370LUpdated January 3, 2023 On July 19, 2021, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an independent, nonprofit research group, announced that economic activity in the United States reached a post-COVID-19...
• Select Average Wage Growth and Related Economic Trends in 2022.

  6

  Average Wage Growth and Related Economic Trends in 2022.

  Author:Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20236,460 words Report 1740LThe economy in 2022 has been marked by high inflation and a tight labor market. While year-over-year average hourly earnings growth has reached some of the highest levels seen in decades in nominal (not adjusted for...
• Select Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy.

  7

  Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy.

  Author:Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20231,684 words Article 1410LUpdated January 9, 2023 The Federal Reserve (Fed), the nation's central bank, is responsible for monetary policy. This In Focus explains how monetary policy works. Typically, when the Fed wants to stimulate the...
• Select Introduction to U.S. Economy: Fiscal Policy.

  8

  Introduction to U.S. Economy: Fiscal Policy.

  Author:Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,507 words Article 1490LUpdated December 29, 2022 What Is Fiscal Policy? Fiscal policy is the means by which the government adjusts its budget balance through spending and revenue changes to influence broader economic conditions. According...
• Select Inflation in the U.S. Economy: Causes and Policy Options.

  9

  Inflation in the U.S. Economy: Causes and Policy Options.

  Authors:Marc Labonte and Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  202219,431 words Report 1780LThe Federal Reserve (Fed) defines stable prices to be inflation (the general rise in the price of goods and services) of 2% annually. After decades of low inflation, inflation has been above the Fed's 2% target since...
• Select Tight Product Markets, Not Tight Labor Markets, Are Pushing Up Inflation Around the World.

  10

  Tight Product Markets, Not Tight Labor Markets, Are Pushing Up Inflation Around the World.

  Authors:Steven B. Kamin and John KearnsFrom:AEI Paper & Studies

  20222,962 words Report 1610LSoaring job vacancies have been widely cited as an indication of overheated labor markets pushing up wages and inflation. But have tight labor markets and rising wage rates been the main drivers of the recent surge in...
• Select Latin American Monetary Policy in the Pandemic Era.

  11

  Latin American Monetary Policy in the Pandemic Era.

  Authors:Steven B. Kamin and John KearnsFrom:AEI Paper & Studies

  20225,894 words Report 1620LThis paper assesses Latin American monetary policy during the pandemic era against the benchmark of a "balanced" monetary policy strategy, that is, a strategy in which policies respond both to deviations of economic...
• Select Rising Interest Rates: Economic and Policy Implications.

  12

  Rising Interest Rates: Economic and Policy Implications.

  Author:Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,007 words Article 1460LAugust 4, 2022 Interest rates have risen significantly since the beginning of 2022 (see Figure 1). This is partly because of tighter monetary policy--the Federal Reserve (Fed) has increased its federal funds rate (the...
• Select Introduction to U.S. Economy: Consumer Spending.

  13

  Introduction to U.S. Economy: Consumer Spending.

  Author:Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,466 words Article 1470LConsumer spending is a key driver of short-run economic growth in the U.S. economy. This In Focus provides an overview of consumer spending, summarizes recent trends, describes its relationship with the business cycle,...
• Select Back to the Future? Lessons from the "Great Inflation".

  14

  Back to the Future? Lessons from the "Great Inflation".

  Author:Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,574 words Article 1440LSince April 2021, the U.S. economy has grappled with high inflation, which reached 6.3% in May 2022, as measured by the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) index. (For more information, see CRS Report R46890,...
• Select Government Policies Are Responsible for the American Housing Crisis that is Crowding Lower Income Households Out of the Housing Market: And why the Building Back Better Act's housing funding proposals will double down on past failed policies, fuel inflation, and once again place low-income and minority households in harm's way..

  15

  Government Policies Are Responsible for the American Housing Crisis that is Crowding Lower Income Households Out of the Housing Market: And why the Building Back Better Act's housing funding proposals will double down on past failed policies, fuel inflation, and once again place low-income and minority households in harm's way..

  Author:Edward J. PintoFrom:AEI Paper & Studies

  202210,856 words Article 1540LChairman Neal and Ranking Member Brady, and distinguished Members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify today. Executive Summary: The housing market is changing and the real culprit is a massive...
• Select Introduction to Financial Services: The Federal Reserve.

  16

  Introduction to Financial Services: The Federal Reserve.

  Author:Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,699 words Organization overvie... 1310LUpdated June 14, 2022 Structure of the Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 (12 U.S.C. 221 et seq.) created the Federal Reserve (Fed) as the nation's central bank. The Fed is composed of 12 regional...
• Select Where Is the U.S. Economy Headed: Soft Landing, Hard Landing, or Stagflation?

  17

  Where Is the U.S. Economy Headed: Soft Landing, Hard Landing, or Stagflation?

  Authors:Marc Labonte and Lida R. WeinstockFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,001 words Article 1350LJune 28, 2022 The Economic Recovery So Far The recovery from the 2020 recession was rapid through the first half of 2021, but the transition to moderate, sustainable economic growth has been choppy, with negative...
• Select The Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet and Quantitative Easing.

  18

  The Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet and Quantitative Easing.

  Author:Marc LabonteFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20221,560 words Article 1330LJune 28, 2022 The Federal Reserve (Fed) has a balance sheet whose size and composition is a product of its monetary policy and lender-of-last-resort decisions. As discussed below, the Fed has responded to crises by...
• Select Who owns Federal Reserve losses and how will they impact monetary policy?

  19

  Who owns Federal Reserve losses and how will they impact monetary policy?

  Authors:Paul H. Kupiec and Alex J. PollockFrom:AEI Paper & Studies

  20224,805 words Report 1720LFor the first time in its 108-year history, the Federal Reserve System faces massive and growing markto-market losses and is projected to post large operating losses in the near future. In a 2011 policy statement, the...
• Select Redesigning Circulating Quarters, Half Dollars, and Dollar Coins: Current and Future Designs.

  20

  Redesigning Circulating Quarters, Half Dollars, and Dollar Coins: Current and Future Designs.

  Author:Jacob R. StrausFrom:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs

  20211,038 words Article 1210LFebruary 25, 2021 In January 2021, the Circulating Collectible Coin Redesign Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-330) was enacted. The legislation authorizes the redesigns of the circulating quarter dollar, half dollar, and $1 coins...