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- 1From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water (H2O) reacts with another substance to split it into two or more new substances. Examples of the process of hydrolysis include the conversion of starch to glucose in water...
- 2From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Biochemistry is the study of the molecular chemical basis of life. The study of biochemistry includes the knowledge of the structure and function of molecules found in the biological world and an understanding of the...
- 3From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Astrobiology is the area of life science that investigates the origin of life, how the biological components interact to create an environment, and what makes planets habitable. It also searches for life on other...
- 4From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Ethnobotany is the study of the relationships between plants and people. Most often, however, the term is used in relation to the study of plant use by people prior to the introduction of industrialization. Many academic...
- 5From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)Molecular biology is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding biological functions and regulation at the level of molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Following the rapid advances in...
- 6From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Cytology is the branch of biology that studies cells, the building blocks of life. The name for this science is translated from kytos, the Greek term for “cavity.” Cytology's roots travel back to 1665, when British...
- 7From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)In inorganic chemistry, ligands are molecules or electrically charged atoms (ions) that are bonded to metal atoms or ions. The ligand changes the metal's ability to dissolve in or react with its surroundings. In...
- 8From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Like human beings and other animals, plants are subject to diseases. In order to maintain a sufficient food supply for the world's population, it is necessary for those involved in plant growth and management to find...
- 9From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Investigations by Konrad Bloch (1912-2000) of the complex processes by which animal cells produce cholesterol have increased our understanding of the biochemistry of living organisms. Konrad...
- 10From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The English biochemist Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947) was the first to recognize the necessity for "accessory factors" in the diet, thereby initiating important work in vitamin research....
- 11From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The American biochemist George Wald (1906-1997) discovered the role that vitamin A plays in vision and made many contributions to the knowledge of the biochemistry of vision. He won the Nobel Prize...
- 12From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The Danish biochemist Carl Peter Henrik Dam (1895-1976) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for his discovery of vitamin K. Henrik Dam, the son of Emil Dam, an apothecary, was born in...
- 13From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY American biochemist Paul D. Boyer (born 1918) is the co-recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He received his share of the award for explaining the enzymatic mechanism that underlies the...
- 14From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Fritz Lipmann (1899-1986) was one of the leading architects of the golden age of biochemistry. With his landmark paper, "Metabolic Generation and Utilization of Phosphate Bond Energy," published...
- 15From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Spanish-born American biochemist Severo Ochoa (1905-1993) spent his life engaged in research into the workings of the human body. In the 1950s, he was one of the first scientists to synthesize the...
- 16From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Called "one of the outstanding biochemists of the century over which his long life extended" by a London Times contributor, Adolf Butenandt (1903-1995) spent his life researching the biochemical...
- 17From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The German chemist Baron Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the pioneers in the field of organic chemistry and introduced the science of agricultural chemistry. Justus Liebig was born in...
- 18From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Paul Berg (born 1926) is best known for his development of a technique for splicing together DNA from different types of organisms. His achievement gave scientists a tool for studying the structure...
- 19From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The German-British biochemist Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric, or tricarboxylic, acid cycle (Krebs cycle). Hans...
- 20From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY American Biochemist Elizabeth Beach Keller (1918-1997) is best known for her discoveries regarding the formation of proteins, in particular the "cloverleaf" model of transfer RNA (ribo-nucleic...