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- 1From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)A gene chip, also called a microarray (or DNA microarray), consists of a solid support to which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments are attached. A similar type of microarray that incorporates attached messenger...
- 2From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Animal cloning creates an animal with a nearly identical genotype. The first animal cloning experiments were done with frogs in the 1970s. The experiments were not successful because the cloned frogs only lived to the...
- 3From:National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases PamphletsResearch Update May 6, 2020 Bringing together information from multiple genetic studies of type 2 diabetes in people of East Asian descent has yielded a wealth of new information about the disease that may one day help...
- 4From:Australia BiotechnologyUpdated regulations allow scientists to use some genome-editing techniques in plants and animals without government approval. For the complete story see: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01282-8...
- 5From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsSeptember 12, 2017 A recent experiment in the United States using the gene modification tool CRISPR to target a disease gene in human embryos has raised optimism about promising medical advances, generated scientific...
- 6From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Jacques Monod (1910-1976) was a French biologist who discovered messenger RNA, a crucial factor in the functioning of the cell. Jacques Lucien Monod was born in Paris, France, on February 10,...
- 7From:National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Pamphlets(An effort of the NIEHS' National enter for Comparative Genomics) With the human and mouse genome sequences complete, many researchers are turning their attention to understanding genetic variation and its role in...
- 8From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Marshall Warren Nirenberg (born 1927) is best known for deciphering the portion of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is responsible for the synthesis of the numerous protein molecules which form the...
- 9From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Maxine Singer (born 1931) is an advocate of the controversial use of DNA to alter genetic characteristics. She also researches cures for diseases related to genetics. Maxine Singer, a leading...
- 10From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Lynn Margulis (born 1938) is a renowned theoretical biologist and professor of botany at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Her research on the evolutionary links between cells containing...
- 11From:National Institute on Drug Abuse PamphletsAs many as 6 in 10 people who abuse drugs and alcohol also suffer from mental illnesses, according to epidemiological studies. Conversely, some 25 to 60 percent of individuals with mental illnesses also have substance...
- 12From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Psychologist Nancy Wexler (born 1945) researches Huntington's disease. She developed a presymptomatic test for the condition and identified the genes responsible for the disease. Nancy Wexler's...
- 13From:Genome-Wide Association StudiesWhat is a genome-wide association study? A genome-wide association study is an approach that involves rapidly scanning markers across the complete sets of DNA, or genomes, of many people to find genetic variations...
- 14From:National Institute on Drug Abuse PamphletsSmokers who want to quit can get help with a variety of treatments, including counseling, nicotine replacement therapy (patches, gum, lozenges, or inhalers), and medications. Some smokers use these treatments and...
- 15From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Har Gobind Khorana (born 1922) was an Indian organic chemist and cowinner of the 1968 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. His research in chemical genetics vastly extended our understanding of...
- 16From:Chromosome MicrodissectionWhat is chromosome microdissection? Chromosome microdissection is a technique that physically removes a large section of DNA from a complete chromosome. The smallest portion of DNA that can be isolated using this...
- 17From:WHO Regional Publications, European SeriesIntroduction With the rapid growth of industrialization beginning in the 1850s, humans have increasingly dominated the earth's ecosystems in unprecedented ways. From the black smog of Charles Dickens' London to the...
- 18From:National Institute on Drug Abuse PamphletsResearchers at the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research have identified a set of characteristics that appears to predict a boy's vulnerability to substance use disorder (SUD) in young...
- 19From:National Institute on Drug Abuse PamphletsNIDA-supported scientists have found that a gene, called DRD2, partly determines whether an adolescent who takes a first puff on a cigarette will progress to regular smoking. Adolescents who carry one of the two known...
- 20From:Knockout MiceWhat is a knockout mouse? A knockout mouse is a laboratory mouse in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out," an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial...