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- 1From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)An electrolyte is a substance that will allow current to flow through the solution when dissolved in water. Electrolytes promote this current flow because they produce positive and negative ions when dissolved. The...
- 2From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Acids and bases are chemical compounds that have certain specific properties in aqueous solutions. In most chemical circumstances, acids are chemicals that produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) in water, while...
- 3From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Aluminum is the metallic chemical element of atomic number 13. Its symbol is Al; its atomic weight is 26.98; its specific gravity is 2.70; its melting point is 1,220.5°F (660°C); and its boiling point is 4,566.2°F...
- 4From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)An acid-base indicator is not always a synthetic chemical. It is often a complex organic dye that undergoes a change in color when the pH of a solution changes over a specific pH range. Many plant pigments and other...
- 5From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Dissociation is the process by which a molecule separates into ions. It may also be called ionization, but because there are other ways to form ions, the term dissociation is preferred. Substances dissociate to different...
- 6From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)A complex is a species in which the central atom is surrounded by a group of Lewis bases that have covalent bonds to the central atom. The Lewis bases that surround the central atom are generally referred to as ligands....
- 7From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)The pH of a solution is a measure of the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration in that solution. The hydronium ion in a solution results from the self-ionization of water. In other words, because hydronium ions are formed...
- 8From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of acid or base. Normally, the addition of acid to a solution will lower its pH and the addition of a base will raise its pH. If the solution is a...
- 9From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)In chemistry, the process in which an acid and a base react with each other to form a salt and water is known as neutralization. Just as a neutral color contains no vivid colors and a neutral person has no strong...
- 10From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 1. 6th ed.)Acid rain is a popularly used phrase that refers to the deposition of acidifying substances from the atmosphere and the environmental damage that this causes. Acid rain became a prominent issue around 1970; since then,...
- 11From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1946) was an American physical chemist whose concept of electron pairs led to modern theories of chemical bonding. His concept of acids and bases was another fundamental...
- 12From:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (3rd ed.)Any of a number of bitter-tasting, caustic materials. Technically, a material that produces negative ions in solution. A base is the opposite of an acid and has a pH of 7 to 14. A given amount of a base added to the...
- 13From:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (3rd ed.)A sour-tasting material (usually in a solution) that dissolves metals and other materials. Technically, a material that produces positive ions in solution. An acid is the opposite of a base and has a pH of 0 to 7. A...