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- 1From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The American historian Herbert Levi Osgood (1855-1918) was a leading authority on colonial history in America, especially the origin and development of English-American political institutions....
- 2From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsThe United States was an ally of the late Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ("the Shah"), who ruled from 1941 until his ouster in February 1979. The Shah assumed the throne when Britain and Russia forced his father,...
- 3From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsIran's Islamic regime established in its constitution is considered authoritarian; at the apex of the power structure is a "Supreme Leader" who has vast powers and no term limits, although an elected body (the Assembly...
- 4From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsMuch of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's...
- 5From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY American statesman Bernard Mannes Baruch (1870-1965), a successful financier, served as chairman of the War Industries Board during World War I. After World War II he was U.S. representative to the...
- 6From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsMuch of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's...
- 7From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (1880-1976) was a Muslim leader who used non-violent, mass civil disobedience techniques to promote nationalism in Assam, Bengal, and Bangladesh in the...
- 8From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsSummary Following a violent coup against democratically elected Marxist President Salvador Allende in 1973, Chile experienced 17 years of military rule under General Augusto Pinochet before reestablishing its elected...
- 9From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsMuch of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's...
- 10From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsFrom Early History to the 19th Century From the third to the eighth century, A.D., Buddhism was the dominant religion in Afghanistan. In the 10th century, Muslim rulers called Samanids, from Bukhara (in what is now...
- 11From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsMuch of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's...
- 12From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsAbout a decade after founding the Islamic republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini died on June 3, 1989. Iran's regime has always been considered authoritarian, but with a degree of popular input and checks and balances...
- 13From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Ba Maw (1893-1977) was the first premier of independent Burma (now Myanmar) and the leader of the wartime government that ruled in cooperation with the occupying Japanese from 1942 to 1945. Ba...
- 14From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsFrom Early History to the 19th Century From the third to the eighth century, A.D., Buddhism was the dominant religion in Afghanistan. In the 10th century, Muslim rulers called Samanids, from Bukhara (in what is now...
- 15From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsApril 22, 2009 Overview of the Political Transition After the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003, the United States set up an occupation structure, reportedly based on concerns that immediate...
- 16From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsThe United States was an ally of the late Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ("the Shah"), who ruled from 1941 until his ouster in February 1979. The Shah assumed the throne when Britain and Russia forced his father,...
- 17From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr. (born 1917) was an outstanding historian of the United States and an influential activist in the Democratic Party. What was unique was the extent to which he brought...
- 18From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsMuch of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's...
- 19From:Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue BriefsMuch of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's...
- 20From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY American historian Richard Hofstadter (1916-1970) won two Pulitzer prizes in recognition of his leading role in reinterpreting United States history during the post-World War II period. Richard...