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- 1From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Geomicrobiology refers to the activities of microorganisms (usually bacteria) that live beneath the surface of Earth. The field of study is also referred to as biogeochemistry and subsurface microbiology. Habitats of the...
- 2From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)The word horizon generally is defined as the line that separates two layers or divisions. It originated from the Greek word orizein, which means to limit. It is oftentimes used to mean the line that separates earth (its...
- 3From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Paleobotany endeavors to reconstruct past climates and regional vegetation systems by studying the fossilized remains of plants or preserved pollen samples. Such studies have yielded information regarding global climate...
- 4From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Catastrophism is the doctrine that Earth's history has been dominated by cataclysmic events rather than gradual processes acting over long periods of time. For example, a catastrophist might conclude that the Rocky...
- 5From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Computer modeling is a general term that describes the use of computers to simulate objects or events. As such, it is sometimes known as computer simulation. Forensic applications of computer modeling can produce purely...
- 6From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)Karst is a German name for an unusual and distinct limestone terrain in Slovenia, called Kras. The karst region in Slovenia, located just north of the Adriatic Sea, is an area of barren, white, fretted rock. The main...
- 7From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 4. 6th ed.)An impact crater is an oval or near-circular depression on the surface of a planet, moon, asteroid, or other celestial body. Also called simply a crater or an impact basin, it is typically the most common type of...
- 8From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Geology is the study of Earth. Modern geology includes studies in seismology (earthquake studies), volcanology, energy resources exploration and development, tectonics (structural and mountain building studies),...
- 9From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)Oceanography is the study of the oceans. Oceanography is an example of a science that involves diverse approaches; it is a combination of the sciences of biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and meteorology. Physical...
- 10From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)Microscopy is the science of producing and observing images of objects that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. A microscope is an instrument that produces an image within microscopy. The primary function of a microscope...
- 11From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)Extinction, the death of all members of a species, is a natural process that has been occurring since the beginning of life on Earth. Nearly all species that have ever existed are now extinct—about 99.9% of them—and...
- 12From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)The landmass occupied by the present-day countries of Canada, the United States, and the Republic of Mexico makes up North America. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat), an island landmass to the northeast of Canada, is also...
- 13From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)The continent of Europe is a landmass bounded on the east by the Ural Mountains, on the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Numerous islands around this landmass...
- 14From:Encyclopedia of World BiographyBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The Danish naturalist Nicolaus Steno (1638-1686) established the law of superposition and the law of constancy of interfacial angles. Nicolaus Steno, originally Niels Stensen, the son of a...
- 15From:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (3rd ed.)The science devoted to the study of the Earth, particularly the solid Earth and the rocks that compose it....