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- 1From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Ribosomes are structures that are critical in the making of protein within cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) housed within the chromosomes in the nucleaus of eukaryotes, and dispersed in the interior of prokaryotic...
- 2From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 6. 6th ed.)Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms such as bacteria that have no distinct nucleus. In addition to the lack of a nucleus, prokaryotes lack many of the other small organelles found in the larger eukaryotic cells. A...
- 3From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)The genome is the full set of genes or genetic material carried by a particular organism. The size of a genome is usually measured in numbers of genes or base pairs (a base, or nucleotide, is the building block of the...
- 4From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Flagella (singular is flagellum) are long, threadlike appendages which provide the mechanical means by which living single cells can move. Flagella can be present on prokaryotic cells (cells such as bacteria whose...
- 5From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Chemical evolution is the sequence of chemical changes in originally nonliving matter that give rise to life. The phrase “chemical evolution” is also used, in astronomy and cosmology, to describe the changing makeup of...
- 6From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 3. 6th ed.)Eukaryotae, or eukaryotic cells, are cells that have their genetic material contained within a specialized membrane (the nuclear membrane) that is located inside the cell. Eukaryotic cells are ancient. Fossils of...
- 7From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)The cell is the smallest living component of an organism and is the basic unit of life. A cell contains the genetic material that supplies the coded instructions for the manufacture of a new cell, as well as the other...
- 8From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Cytology is the branch of biology that studies cells, the building blocks of life. The name for this science is translated from kytos, the Greek term for “cavity.” Cytology's roots travel back to 1665, when British...
- 9From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a natural polymer which encodes the genetic information required for the growth, development, and reproduction of an organism. Found in all cells, it consists of chains of units called...
- 10From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 2. 6th ed.)Cell division is the process by which a single living cell splits to become two cells. All cells divide at some point in their lives. Cell division occurs in single-celled organisms like bacteria, and in multicellular...
- 11From:The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (Vol. 5. 6th ed.)Two nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are found in living things which serve to store, translate, and pass on the genetic information of an organism to the next generation. Nucleic...
- 12From:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (3rd ed.)Pronunciation: (proh-kar-ee-oht) Organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus in which DNA is housed and which lack many of the organelles found in more advanced cells. The kingdom of Monera or Prokaryotae is composed...
- 13From:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (3rd ed.)Pronunciation: (muh-neer-uh) (or Prokaryotae) The kingdom of single-celled organisms without a cell nucleus (see also prokaryotes). Monera are the most primitive living things and are thought to have been the first...