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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedAlpelisib selectively inhibits the p110[alpha] catalytic subunit of PI3K[alpha] and is approved for treatment of breast cancers harboring canonical PIK3CA mutations. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), 63%...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedPersons living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). HIV- associated TB is often the result of recent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) followed by rapid progression to...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka. Pentavalent antimonials (e.g., sodium stibogluconate [SSG]) remain first-line drugs for CL with no new effective treatments emerging. We studied...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedAir pollution is a well-known contributor to asthma. Air toxics are hazardous air pollutants that cause or may cause serious health effects. Although individual air toxics have been associated with asthma, only a limited...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes dementia and gait disturbance due to arteriopathy. Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a hereditary form of...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedFerroptosis, an iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death, is a highly regulated tumor suppressing process. However, functions and mechanisms of RNA-binding proteins in regulation of evasion of ferroptosis during lung...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedCannabinoid receptor 1 (CB-1) antagonists are potential candidates for treating obesity and metabolic complications. Despite clear metabolic benefits, unwanted side effects in the brain pose issues for patients. With the...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedEmerging evidence has shown that open reading frames inside long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could encode micropeptides. However, their roles in cellular energy metabolism and tumor progression remain largely unknown. Here,...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedHigh expression of LIN28B is associated with aggressive malignancy and poor survival. Here, probing M/CN-amplified neuroblastoma as a model system, we showed that LIN28B expression was associated with enhanced cell...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedHypertriglyceridemia is associated with obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. While lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride (TG) cargo into remnant lipoproteins with atherogenic properties, how remnant...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedMetabolic pathways regulate immune responses and disrupted metabolism leads to immune dysfunction and disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is driven by imbalanced immune responses, yet the role of...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedApolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles in donor kidneys associate with graft loss, but whether recipient risk allele expression affects transplant outcomes is unclear. To test whether recipient APOL1 risk alleles...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedLoss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor CREB3L3 (CREBH) associate with severe hypertriglyceridemia in humans. CREBH is believed to lower plasma triglycerides by augmenting the activity of lipoprotein...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedAPOL1 G1 and G2 variants are established risk factors for nondiabetic kidney disease. The presence of two APOL1 risk variants in donor kidneys negatively impacts kidney allograft survival. Because of evolutionary...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedGrowing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. The folliculin (FLCN) tumor suppressor complex...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedThe endocannabinoid system regulates appetite and energy expenditure and inhibitors of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB-1) induce weight loss with improvement in components of the metabolic syndrome. While CB-1 blockage in...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedHIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) coinfection increases the risk of active tuberculosis (aTB), but how HIV infection and medications contribute to drive risk remains unknown. In this issue of the JCI,...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedThe tumorigenic mechanism for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not clear, although chronic inflammation is implicated. Here, we identified an inflammatory cytokine-regulated transfer RNA- derived (tRNA-derived)...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedBladder cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease, and novel therapeutic strategies are needed to expand treatment options and improve clinical outcomes. Here, we identified a unique subset of urothelial tumors with...
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From:Journal of Clinical Investigation (Vol. 131, Issue 22) Peer-ReviewedWe used human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs) to study the mechanism of neuron intoxication by tetanus neurotoxin and to evaluate these antibodies as a safe preventive and therapeutic substitute for hyperimmune sera to...