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Literature Criticism
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)``The Shield of Achilles'' is an extraordinarily evocative poem, beautiful in its design and subtle in its implications. With deceptive simplicity, the work encapsulates many of W. H. Auden's religious and political...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Anthony Burgess is an enormously prolific writer with more than 50 books to his credit. He began writing stories when he was 42 and working as a colonial education officer in Borneo and Malaya, but it was not until he...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Until recently, Shirley was generally considered an artistic failure, and a shortfall in radical feminism. G.H. Lewes, in the Edinburgh Review, called it ``a portfolio of sketches.'' Feminists have been disturbed by the...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)The Admirable Crichton was first staged at the Duke of York's Theatre in 1902, with H.B. Irving, son of Sir Henry, in the title role. Together with Quality Street, which opened at the Vaudeville Theatre in the same year,...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Chinua Achebe established himself as an important African writer with his first novel, Things Fall Apart, still his most widely known and acclaimed work. Debunking many of the myths about the colonial period in his...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Lady Audley's Secret is a well-written thriller which established a literary reputation, helped define a fictional form, and introduced an important literary type. The form was the sensation novel, the controversial...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Amelia Opie deliberately wrote ``tales'' and not novels. She had no interest in ``strong character, comic situation, bustle, and variety of incident'' (preface to The Father and Daughter). Like many women novelists of...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)When one refers to the Great Exhibition of 1851 as the ``Crystal Palace,'' he is indebted to the satirical imagination of Douglas William Jerrold, who coined the title to poke fun at the Victorians' self-importance....
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)``The Lake Isle of Innisfree,'' first published on 13 December 1890, in W.E. Henley's National Observer and later included in The Rose section of William Butler Yeats's Collected Poems, was written when the poet was...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Sir Philip Sidney's The Defence of Poesy is the most frequently published of his works and the only one regularly read by non-specialists. This popularity (in both senses of the word) is no doubt attributable both to the...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Patrick White's eighth novel, The Vivisector, published in 1970, is a novel of the big city: Sydney, Australia. The creation of the dominant central character, the painter Hurtle Duffield, brings together several crucial...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Hamlet is one of the central works of modern European culture, probably thought and written about more than any other play. In a comprehensive sense it is by now William Shakespeare's text plus its world-wide...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (``The Tailor Re-Tailored'') is a motley concoction roughly in the shape of a novel and divided into three books. In Book One an unnamed English Editor discovers a German book entitled...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Although James Joyce left Dublin very early in his career to establish himself on the continent, where the radical literary experimentalists of the 1920's and 1930's were later to look upon him as a leader, he never lost...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)John Dryden's life is largely obscure until he commences as author. He was born on 9 August 1631 at Aldwincle All Saints in Northamptonshire, and about 1646 he entered, as a king's scholar, Westminster School under the...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)``Why can't I be a Marie Corelli!'' Those words were uttered by Anne Sedgwick, a late 19th-century novelist of some talent and little popularity. She was contrasting her poor fortunes with those of the most famous...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)After Tennyson's In Memoriam, the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám was perhaps the most popular poem of the later 19th century. Like the poems of Byron in an earlier period it was much favoured by romantically-inclined...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Paul Theroux wrote of his subject in V.S. Naipaul (1972) that ``he may be the only writer today in whom there are no echoes of influences.'' Strangely, a few years later (1979) Naipaul published A Bend in the River, the...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)John Stuart Mill was the leading English philosopher of the Victorian period. His lucid and eloquent writings covered a wide range of concerns, though his central interest was social and political philosophy. Mill's...
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From:Reference Guide to English Literature (2nd ed.)Though Henry Fielding is remembered chiefly as a novelist—as, indeed, along with Defoe and Richardson, one of the founders of the modern novel and as the author of one of the dozen or so greatest novels in English, Tom...