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Literature Criticism
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Murasaki Shikibu, sometimes called Lady Murasaki, is the author of: a `diary' which is not so much that as a discursive account of events at the Japanese court over a short expanse of time early in the 11th century; a...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)`Il pleure dans mon coeur ...' (`The tears fall in my heart ...') appeared in Romances Without Words, and is the third of a group of poems numbered I-IX and bearing the general title of `Ariettes oubliées' (`Forgotten...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)The principal character in The Outsider, Meursault, is a French Algerian clerk who kills an Arab, is imprisoned, tried, and sentenced to death. The novel begins with Meursault's unemotional announcement that his mother...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Solemnly asked his opinion of his own work, C.P. Cavafy towards the end of his life is said to have replied, `Cavafy in my opinion is an ultra-modern poet, a poet of future generations'. History has proved him right, but...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Blaise Pascal was a unique blend of mathematician, physicist, and man of letters, equally important in his contributions to science and to the arts. He lived during the time of the great flowering of scientific studies...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Gor'kii first achieved renown through his stories of the 1890s, among which `Twenty-Six Men and a Girl' is widely regarded as his most impressive achievement. The tightly structured narrative, highly evocative setting,...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)One of the most powerful social dramas in German literature, The Weavers is also the first German play to attempt a realistic representation of an entire community of working-class people on stage. Written at a time when...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Rainer Maria Rilke is unquestionably one of the greatest individualists among poets of the German language; his internationally wide appeal might seem incompatible with his oblique poetic diction, which resists...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Like his father, Alexandre Dumas fils was a prolific author of both novels and plays, though his major success was on the stage. After an early volume of poetry, Péchés de jeunesse [Sins of Youth], Dumas fils turned to...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)The `Declaration of Love for a Young Girl' is Sappho's second most complete surviving poem and among her most celebrated. Variously dubbed by tradition (for there are no surviving Sapphic titles, nor is it known whether...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Although not the first tale by Voltaire to be written, Zadig was the first to appear in print, in 1748. It inaugurated his career as a conteur, for which he is now best known, and it remains one of his finest stories. As...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)In the complexity of its narrative and psychological structure, the many-facetedness and interlayering of its setting and characterization, Crime and Punishment is almost unique in world literature. Few works of fiction...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Ferenc Molnár began his career as a journalist and excelled both as prose writer and playwright. Because his works have been so widely translated, he has become Hungary's best-known writer abroad. Drawing on his intimate...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)The Tin Drum, Grass's first novel, attracted immediate attention upon publication in 1959. Praised as a new, daring voice in post-war German fiction by some and attacked as blasphemous and obscene by others, the novel...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)While Vigny's `Moses' should not be considered as belonging to the French Symbolist movement of the 19th century, the poem does foreshadow certain aspects of the movement, namely the use of a single prevailing image (a...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)In the flourishing of courtly literature in Germany around 1200 Gottfried von Strassburg must be counted among the most profound narrative poets, and certainly the most enigmatic. Of his life nothing is known but his...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Ever since its creation at the Théâtre des Noctambules, Paris, in 1950, this masterpiece of the theatre of the absurd—at first not welcomed by the critics, though from the outset a great success with the public—has shown...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)Written by a philosopher and scientist who was not born until 20 years after the death of Sophocles and Euripides, De arte poetica (the Poetics) is an unlikely candidate for founder document of European dramatic theory....
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)With I'm Not Stiller of 1954 Frisch placed himself in the forefront of modern narrative art. It is a work which is typical of Frisch in its thematic focus but also highly innovative in technique. The Stiller of the...
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From:Reference Guide to World Literature (2nd ed.)When Bertolt Brecht died in East Berlin in 1956, Peter Weiss was already 40. His own unexpected death in 1982 at the age of 65 robbed the world of the legitimate successor to the great Marxist dramatist from whom, Weiss...