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    Academic Journals

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• Finding the Sweet Spot: Sub-Ambient Light Increases Fitness and Kleptoplast Survival in the Sea Slug Plakobranchus cf. ianthobaptus Gould, 1852.

  Authors:Samantha A. Donohoo, Rachael M. Wade, and Alison R. SherwoodFrom:The Biological Bulletin (Vol. 238, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  June 20206,885 words Article 1260LSacoglossans, or "sap-sucking" sea slugs, are primarily algivorous. with many taxa exhibiting kleptoplasty, the feeding and retaining of photosynthetically active chloro-plasts from algae. The Plakobranchus species...

• Activated L-Type Calcium Channels Inhibit Chemosensitized Nematocyst Discharge from Sea Anemone Tentacles.

  Authors:G.L.Y.N.E.U. Thorington and D.A.V.I.D.A. HessingerFrom:The Biological Bulletin (Vol. 238, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  June 20207,495 words Article 1510LBecause in vivo nematocyst discharge requires extracellular [Ca.sup.2+], [Ca.sup.2+] channels have been suspected to be involved; but their identity and role have not been revealed. The majority of nematocysts that...

• Ink Release and Swimming Behavior in the Oceanic Ctenophore Eurhamphaea vexilligera.

  Authors:J.P. Townsend, B.J. Gemmell, K.R. Sutherland, S.P. Colin, and J.H. CostelloFrom:The Biological Bulletin (Vol. 238, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  June 20204,330 words Article 1490LOf the more than 150 ctenophore species, the oceanic ctenophore Eurhamphaea vexilligera is notable for its bright orange-yellow ink, secreted from numerous small vesicles that line its substomodeal comb rows. To date, in...

• Evolutionary Modification of Pereopods in Phronimid Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Phronimidae) Reflects Host Differences.

  Authors:Yoshiakira Iinuma, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Mikio Kato, Kazumitsu Nakaguchi, Susumu Ohtsuka, and Kaori WakabayashiFrom:The Biological Bulletin (Vol. 238, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  June 20206,330 words Article 1190LPhronimid amphipods are oceanic crustaceans associated with gelatinous zooplankters. Their host organisms belong mainly to two taxonomic groups: tunicates (salps or pyrosomes; subphylum Tunicata) and siphonophores...

• Grazer Interactions with Invasive Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Rhodophyta): Comparisons to Related versus Unrelated Native Algae.

  Authors:S.K. Berke, E.L. Keller, C.N. Needham, and C.R. SalernoFrom:The Biological Bulletin (Vol. 238, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  June 20206,101 words Article 1210LEcosystem responses to invasion are strongly influenced by interactions between invaders and native species. If native species provide biotic resistance by consuming or competing with an invader, the invasion may be...

• Gorgonocephalus eucnemis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) and Bursal Ventilation.

  Authors:M.A.C.K.E.N.N.A.A.H. Hainey and R.I.C.H.A.R.D.B. EmletFrom:The Biological Bulletin (Vol. 238, Issue 3) Peer-Reviewed

  June 20207,642 words Article 1390LThe basket star Gorgonocephalus eucnemis is an aerobic organism highly dependent on dissolved oxygen in surrounding waters. Previous observations on the anatomy of Gorgonocephalus state that five pairs of ossicles (the...