Abstract :
(2) Keywords Developmental delay; Maternal caffeine intake; Neurodevelopment Highlights * Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we will examine the association between mothers' estimated caffeine intake during pregnancy and their children's development at 6 and 12 months of age. * Assessment of children's development is performed using the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires[TM]. * Children born to mothers who consumed 300 mg caffeine per day had a 1.11-fold increased odds of gross motor developmental delay at 12 months of age. Abstract Background Caffeine intake by pregnant women may have neurodevelopmental effects on the fetus due to adenosine antagonism. However, there are insufficient data and inconsistent results from epidemiological studies on the effect of maternal caffeine intake on child development. Aims This study examined the association between mothers' estimated caffeine intake during pregnancy and their children's score on the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires[TM] (J-ASQ) at 6 and 12 months of age. Study design The study is a part of nationwide prospective birth-cohort study: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Subjects In total, 87,106 participants with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) data and J-ASQ at 6 or 12 months of age were included in the study. Outcome measures The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to determine whether the scores of the five subscales on the J-ASQ were below the cutoff point as the dependent variable. Results The results showed that children born to mothers who consumed 300 mg caffeine per day had a 1.11-fold increased odds of gross motor developmental delay at 12 months of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.114 [95 % CI: 1.013--1.226]). Conclusions Issues in gross motor development can emerge prior to future developmental issues. Therefore, further studies on developmental outcomes in older children, including the future outcomes of the children who participated in this study, are needed. Author Affiliation: (a) Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan (b) Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan (c) Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan (d) Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami 090-0011, Japan * Corresponding author at: Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. Article History: Received 10 November 2021; Revised 9 June 2022; Accepted 11 June 2022 (footnote)1 Members of the JECS Group as of 2021 Michihiro Kamijima (principal investigator, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan), Shin Yamazaki (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan), Yukihiro Ohya (National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan), Reiko Kishi (Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan), Nobuo Yaegashi (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan), Koichi Hashimoto (Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan), Chisato Mori (Chiba University, Chiba, Japan), Shuichi Ito (Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan), Zentaro Yamagata (University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan), Hidekuni Inadera (University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan), Michihiro Kamijima (Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan), Takeo Nakayama (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan), Hiroyasu Iso (Osaka University, Suita, Japan), Masayuki Shima (Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan), Youichi Kurozawa (Tottori University, Yonago, Japan), Narufumi Suganuma (Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan), Koichi Kusuhara (University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan), and Takahiko Katoh (Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan). Byline: Shinkichi Nishihara (a), Sumitaka Kobayashi (a), Atsuko Ikeda-Araki (a,b), Chihiro Miyashita (a), Sachiko Itoh (a), Keiko Yamazaki (a), Yu Ait Bamai (a), Naomi Tamura (a), Hideyuki Masuda (a), Mariko Itoh (a), Yasuaki Saijo (c), Yoshiya Ito (d), Reiko Kishi [rkishi@med.hokudai.ac.jp] (a,*)